The main objective of the international research program “Human settlement and palaeoenvironment in West Africa” is the study of interactions between human populations and climatic and environmental variability. It began in 1997 in the Dogon Country (Mali) with the study of the Ounjougou site complex. Today, researchers involved in the program are also interested in other regions important for the understanding of human settlement in West Africa, such as the Faleme Valley in eastern Senegal. The name “Ounjougou”, linked to the creation and development of the transdisciplinary approach that characterizes the program, is now associated with all present and future research.